Transients are also used in this thesis for the investigation on the dynamic characteristic. 1.1.1 Use of transients in condition assessment of pipeline systems. Fluid transients in pipeline systems: a guide to the control and suppression of fluid transients in liquids in closed conduits / A.R. David Thorley.
AcknowIedgements xiii; Preface tó the First Version xv; Preface to the 2nd Copy xvii; Component 1; 1.1 Intro 3; 1.1.1 Undesirable Situations 3; 1.1.2 Causes of Unsteady and Transient flows 4; 1.2 Unsteady Runs in Pipes and Tunnels 5; 1.2.1 Simple Ideas 5; 1.2.2 A Basic Instance 6; 1.2.3 Stress Influx Reflections and Pipeline Time period 8; 1.2.4 A 'Rapid' Event 10; 1.2.5 Results of Friction 10; 1.2.6 Max-Min Mind Envelopes 10; 1.2.7 Column Break up and Vapour Cavity Formation 10; 1.2.8 Air and Fuel Entrainment 12; 1.2.9 Fluid-Structure Conversation 13; 1.2.10 Drinking water Hammer in Vapor Pipelines 13; 1.2.11 Mass Vacillation and Rigid Column Behaviour 14; 1.2.12 Resonance and Auto-oscillation 15; 1.2.13 Crucial Points Developed in Sections 1.1 and 1.2 17; 1.3 Suppression of Liquid Transients 17; 1.3.1 Useful Strategies of Rise Reductions 18; 1.3.2 Immediate Activity 18; 1.3.2.1 More powerful Pipes 18; 1.3.2.2 Rerouting 19; 1.3.2.3 Changing Valve Movements 19; 1.3.2.4 Avoiding Check Valve Slam 20; 1.3.2.5 Growing the Inertia of Pumps and their Engines 22; 1.3.2.6 Minimizing Resonance Dangers 23; 1.3.3 Diversionary Methods 24; 1.3.3.1 Atmosphere Boats and Air Cushion Surge Chambers 25; 1.3.3.2 Accumulators 28; 1.3.3.3 Surge Shafts 29; 1.3.3.4 One-Way Surge Tanks (Feed Tánks) 30; 1.3.3.5 Vacuum-Breaking and Atmosphere Discharge Valves 31; 1.3.3.6 Pressure Reduction Valves and Bursting Discs 33; 1.3.3.7 Sidestep Ranges 35; 1.3.3.8 Avoiding Water Sludge hammer in Steam Pipelines 36; 1.3.4 Selection of Defense Strategy 36; 1.3.5 Summary of Part 1 38; Component 2; 2.1 Assessment and Administration of Risk 43; 2.1.1 Intro 43; 2.1.2 A Process for Liquid Transient Danger Checks 47; 2.2 Exhibition Good examples 49; 2.2.1 Increasing Main Example 1 49; 2.2.2 Increasing Main Example 2 61; 2.2.3 A Pumped Outfall 66; 2.2.4 A Gravity-Fed Major 69; 2.2.5 A Range to an Offshore Oil Airport terminal 72; 2.2.6 A Procedure Program Supplied by a Memory Water pump 76; 2.2.7 A High-Pressure Feed System 80; 2.2.8 Looped Systems 86; 2.2.9 An Lung burning ash Slurry Series 89; 2.2.10 A Sub-Sea Recharge Program 92; 2.2.11 Cooling Water Techniques 96; 2.2.12 A Phosphate Ester Pipeline 99; 2.2.13 Important Factors Developed in Sections 2.1 and 2.2 101; 2.3 Computer Modelling of Transient Runs 102; 2.3.1 Intro 102; 2.3.2 Short Outline of Option by the Method of Characteristics 103; 2.3.3 Idealizations and Presumptions 107; 2.3.4 Preparation for Computer-Aided Studies 109; 2.3.4.1 Program Information 110; 2.3.4.2 Liquid Information 110; 2.3.4.3 Plumbing and Tunnels 110; 2.3.4.4 Junctions 110; 2.3.4.5 Penis pumps 111; 2.3.4.6 Valves 111; 2.3.4.7 Reservoirs, Sumps and Tanks 111; 2.3.4.8 Surroundings Vessels, Accumulators and Surge Shafts 111; 2.3.4.9 Feed Tanks 112; 2.3.4.10 Get around Lines 112; 2.3.4.11 Transient Event Information 112; 2.3.4.12 Aims and Objectives 113; 2.3.4.13 Anticipation on Finalization 113; 2.3.4.14 Idealizations and Presumptions 113; 2.3.4.15 Verification and Screening 114; 2.4 Accidents and Incidents 119; 2.4.1 The Situation of the Light-weight Anchor Pads 119; 2.4.2 The Dancing Feed Variety 120; 2.4.3 Where has all the Drinking water Gone? 121; 2.4.4 A Midnight Feast 122; 2.4.5 Green for Risk 123; 2.4.6 Minor Shift - Main Problem 126; 2.4.7 A Positive Representation 126; 2.4.8 Dangling Totally free 128; 2.4.9 The Satan can be in the Detail 129; 2.4.10 Lessons to be Discovered 130; 2.5 Transients: Present Standing - Long term Developments 131; 2.5.1 Summary of Fluid Transient Modelling Ability in 2003 131; 2.5.2 Information System and Liquid Transients 133; 2.5.3 Habits and Reaction of the Fluid 137; 2.5.4 Dynamic Behaviour of Components and Products 138; 2.5.5 Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) 139; 2.5.6 Concluding Comments 140; Component 3; 3.1 Some Simple Theory 143; 3.1.1 Switch in Stress across a Transiént 143; 3.1.2 The Influx Speed Equation 144; 3.1.3 Equations for Calculating Wave Rates of speed 145; 3.1.3.1 Pipes of Circular Cross-Section 145; 3.1.3.2 Tunnels 151; 3.1.3.3 Plastic, uPVC and Glass-Reinforced Plastic material Plumbing 153; 3.1.3.4 Non-circular Ducts 153; 3.1.3.5 Fluids Other than Drinking water 154; 3.1.3.6 Multiphase and Multicomponent Liquids 155; 3.1.3.7 Plastically Deforming Pipes 158; 3.1.3.8 Versatile Hoses 159; 3.1.3.9 Data for Wave Speed Estimations 160; 3.2 Strict Line Approximations 162; 3.2.1 Equation of Movement 163; 3.2.2 Cavity Development and Break in a Rising Major 164; 3.2.3 Air or Drinking water Admission at a Low-Pressure Stage 167; 3.3 Evaluation of Surroundings Vessel Capacities 168; 3.3.1 Rising Mains 168; 3.3.1.1 Unthrottled Surroundings Ships 169; 3.3.1.2 Throttled (Get around) Air flow Ships 185; 3.3.1.3 Worked Instance and Contour Process 187; 3.3.2 Start-up of Deep-Well Pumps 190; 3.3.2.1 Outline for you Process 196; 3.3.2.2 Exhibition Illustration 197; 3.4 Water pump Information 201; 3.4.1 Pump Performance Features 201; 3.4.2 Minute of Inertia of Penis pumps and Engines 210; 3.4.2.1 Pump motor Inertias 210; 3.4.2.2 Electric motor Inertias 213; 3.5 Stress Rises Using Valve Closure 214; 3.6 Surroundings Reduction and Vacuum-Breaking Valves 224; 3.6.1 Air flow of Pipelines 225; 3.6.2 Surroundings Valves for Spike Control 227; 3.6.3 Selection and Siting of Atmosphere Valves 230; 3.6.4 Air flow Valves in Gas and Petrochemical Lines 233; 3.6.5 Air flow Valves for Séwage and Inustrial EffIuents 234; 3.6.6 Air flow Valves for Deep-Well Installations 235; 3.6.7 The Dimension of Air flow Valves 235; 3.6.8 Treatment and Maintenance 238; 3.7 Pressure Relief and Protection Valves 238; 3.7.1 Sizing Considerations 241; 3.7.2 Bursting Dvds 243; 3.8 Valve Characteristics 245; 3.8.1 Head Cutbacks Through Valves 245; 3.8.2 Active Performance of Check Valves 264; 3.9 Additional Resources of Info 270; 3.9.1 Bibliography 270; 3.9.2 World Wide Internet 271; Recommendations 274; Suggested Further Reading through 279; Index 281
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